Применение Some and any Some/any + -one/-body/-thing/-wherea. Обычно some применяют в утвердительном предложении, а any - в отрицательном и в вопросах (но обратите внимание на пункты b и d):
- Sue has caught some flies. - We haven't got any money.
- I've got something tasty to eat. - He's busy. He never has any time.
- Let's go somewhere quiet. - She never goes anywhere.
- She refused to do anything.
b. Any / anyone / anything и т.д. часто используются после if: - If there are any calls for me, can you say that I'm not home?
- If anyone has any questions, ask now.
- If you want anything, say it to the servant, he'll do everything.
в предложениях без if, но смысл в них тот же:
- Anyone who wants to get this job must give me their names before Tuesday. (= if there is anyone who ...)
- I'll welcome any guests that will come to you. (= if there are any)
с. В вопросительных предложениях обычно употребляется местоимение any (а не `some'): - Have you got any coffee? - Has anybody called me?
Но some часто используется в вопросах, когда ожидаемым ответом является yes: - What's wrong with him? Has he got some troubles? (= I think he has got some troubles and I expect you to say `yes')
- She's in a hurry. Is she going out somewhere? (= She's looking miserable. Isn't she going out anywhere?)
и в вопросах, особенно когда мы предлагаем или просим о чём-либо: - Would you like some work? - Can I have some of those vegetables?
d. Any /anyone /anybody /anything /anywhere могут означать it doesn't matter which /who /what /where: - You can buy any of these suits. (=неважно который из этих костюмов)
- Call me any time you need. (=неважно когда)
- You can have anything you want for your birthday present.
- She left the child in the street. Anybody could have walked off with it.
- I'd rather go anywhere than stay at home.
- Tell me a story. What story shall I tell? Any one. I don't mind.
e. Someone /somebody /anyone /anybody используются, как слова в единственном числе:
- Someone wants to talk with you.
- Is anybody home?
Но часто they / them / their используются после этих слов вместо he / she: - If anyone needs to leave , they can. (= he or she can)
- Somebody has spilt their (= his or her) coffee on the carpet.
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